Contract performance bond a written guarantee from a bonding or insurance company that will ensure the contract work is completed either by the contractor, or by other forces hired by the district and paid by the bonding insurance company upon default by the successful contractor to complete the work in the allotted time frame. Irdadeh usaoriginsae j 2799 2007 70 mpa compressed hydrogen surface vehicle fueling conne. Pv module frame grounding preliminary report existing state of affairs ul 467 grounding and bonding equipment has been used to list pv grounding equipment provides some useful tests but was not written to address unique aspects of pv system applications. The relationship between adhesive distribution and properties of wood composites has been explored, but few studies have attempted to alter the distribution of adhesive in wood composites as a way of improving their properties. Published by the office of the federal register national archives and records administration as. Ul 2703 standard for mounting systems, mounting devices. Graphene quantum dots gqds represent a new class of quantum dots with unique properties. I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the. Buy electrical supplies online at platt electric supply. Electrical grounding and bonding, 4e a userfriendly, practical guide provides a thorough and effective introduction to the essentials of electrical grounding and bonding. Adhesive is a costly and critical component of wood composites. We are a value added wholesale distribution company that supplies products and services to the electrical, construction, commercial, industrial. The au wirept bonding pad interface mechanism using ultrasonic bonding was studied in this paper.
The ul 2703 certification process includes extensive testing of the ironridge. Tziouvaras, schweitzer engineering laboratories, inc. The practice of bonding the grounded neutral conductor to the equipment enclosure is only permitted by 250. A dynamic ampacity model for the testing of advanced conductors. A nifty feature set increases teamwork, collaboration and accountability. The intent of this project is to help you learn java by example tm. The product was tested as indicated below with results in conformance to the relevant test criteria. Jan 06, 2019 annealing test for wires and conductors is performed to confirm the durability of conductor during twisting and bending.
Remember that this includes the main protective conductor and the earthing conductor. Biltmore whos who 2010 virtual book digital edition. Jan 25, 2016 continuity of protective conductors this test is to ensure that. Ul 1703 and 2703 activities ul 1703 changes expanded definitions. Written in accordance with the 2014 national electrical code, electrical grounding and bonding, fourth edition, features complete, uptodate coverage of article 250. This can be analyzed into lowlying bonding and anti bonding states at higher energy.
Swimming pools, spas, hot tubs installations quiz questions nec code 680. Ul 1741 standard for inverters, converters, controllers. Grounding and bonding quiz questions 2 nec code 680. Installer regularly engaged, for a minimum of 5 years, in installation of products specified in this. The small features, fragile connections, and critical threedimensionality of wire bonded assemblies require highperformance, noncontact metrology solutions. Manufacturer regularly engaged, for a minimum of 5 years, in the manufacturing of threaded fasteners used in grounding and bonding for electrical systems. The eudora welty house and garden staff assembled a team of scholars and teachers to assist in the preparation of the downloadable printed materials found below in pdf form. Jam ratio calculation when the ratio of the inside diameter of the conduit, to the cable diameter is exactly equal to 3, one of the cables in a. The telephone company provides the cable to a terminal box at the building and installs a ground wire to the grounding electrode system 90. Thomson the gale encyclopedia of science 3rd edition vol 1. Dr muhammad iftikhar ul hasnain management sciences hec 30092014 approved 35 application for hec post doctoral fellow ship phase ii,batch vii dr imran naseem management sciences hec 30092014 approved 36 impact of board gender diversity on coporate performance dr. The newly published ul 2703 mounting systems, mounting devices. Lifetime trip code retention overvoltage protection continuous self test of electronic components.
Grounding and bonding with concentric and eccentric. As soon as modules are installed using a panelclaw system, an electrical. For the protective measure automatic disconnection of supply ads, main protective bonding conductors are required to connect extraneousconductiveparts, such as metallic water and gas pipes, to the main earthing terminal. At a company level, adopting a single repository of uptodate information allows for better communication. Calculation of induced sheath voltage for transposed and untransposed cable conductors. Commissions system for conformity testing and certification of electrical equipment and. Electrical bonding is the practice of connecting equipment cases or structure to ground to prevent electric shock. This manual describes the installation of the qrail mounting system and provides necessary information. If a grounding and bonding conductor is installed in ferrous metallic conduit, bond the conductor to the conduit using a grounding bushing that complies with requirements in section 270528 pathways for communications systems, and bond both ends of the conduit to a tgb. Testing and inspection of bondinggrounding systems. Ul 2703 standard that includes bonding and grounding testing of module support structures. Ul knowledge solutions ul 2703, pv rack mounting systems. Will it void the module warranty if the ironridge ufo is not listed in the modules manual.
Sizing main protective bonding conductors, guidance. Can an outdoorrated bonding jumper be used instead of an ironridge. Effects of adhesive zconnections on the properties of a. If ul revises the referenced provisions of ul 588 in the future, the commission can revise the rule to reference the updated version. Viewing a pv system fire test at underwriters laboratories if a roof with installed pv modules is exposed to a fire, will the solar. Pdf calculation of induced sheath voltage for transposed. Microstructural observation of the bonding interface between. Chemistry unit bonding chapter 1 study guide bonding test vocabulary atom chemical bonding valence electron ionic bond covalent bond metallic bond ionization ionization energy electron affinity crystal lattice electrondot diagram diatomic element molecule network solid polyatomic ion oxidation number know and understand these concepts. Electrical and industrial power management solutions eaton. Ul 2703 surge of applicants for grounding and bonding.
Practical grounding, bonding, shielding and surge protection unlike many books on grounding and shielding, provides straightforward, practical solutions to commonly encountered realworld situations and enables one to better understand proper ground methods and to quickly recognize and solve existing grounding issues in a facility. Minimum csa of the main protective bonding conductor in relation to the neutral of the supply note. A couple of triazoletethered simple colorimetric, electrochemical and fluorescent chemosensors, based on ferrocenenaphthalene conjugates, c 24 h 21 on 3 fe 1 and c 38 h 32 o 2 n 6 fe 2, have been designed and synthesized. Nanogold assisted highly conducting and biocompatible. Our breadth, established objectivity and proven history mean we are a symbol of trust, enabling us to help provide peace of mind to all. Ul 3703 standard for solar trackers standards catalog.
Top american libraries canadian libraries universal library community texts project gutenberg biodiversity heritage library childrens library. Tuning the graphene work function by electric field effect. Conductor transposition, for crossbonded cables, is recommended in the ansiieee. Ul is a global independent safety science company offering expertise across three strategic businesses. The present bonding system, initiated by the state, in insinuates sinuates insinuates a defendant is guilty before the facts are heard and the evidence presented in a court of law. Cellulose is considered the material of choice for future applications because of its high stability and abundance. Lee lerner and brenda wilmoth lerner, editors project editor kimberley a. Herein we report a simple electrochemical approach to luminescent and electrocatalytically active nitrogendoped gqds ngqds with. This selfpaced, 64 minute webbased training program provides photovoltaic pv module manufactures, installers, authorities having jurisdiction, and design professionals with the requirements of ul standard 2703 for mounting systems, mounting devices, clampingretention devices and grounding and bonding lugs for use with flatplate photovoltaic. Grounding and bonding of the panels and modules and racking systems are required to be done. Mounting devices, clampingretention important document especially for ul 2703 devices, and ground lugs for use with flat building integrated pv plate photovoltaic modules and panels standard for standard test methods for fire.
Integrators and installers find listed methods to be limiting. In this thesis, i hypothesize that creating a 3dimensionally interconnected adhesive network by. The term solar panel is used colloquially for a photovoltaic pv module a pv module is an assembly of photovoltaic cells mounted in a frame work for installation. A moistureimpervious metallic sheath, similar to an extruded cable, contains a positive internal pressure 1575psig, 0.
Swimming pools, spas, hot tubs installations quiz 2. It is designed to be installed by qualified solar installation technicians. The connection between the grounded circuit conductor and the supply side bonding jumper or the equipment grounding conductor or both, at seperately derived system supply side bonding jumper a conductor installed on the supply side of a service or within a service equipment enclosure or for a seperatley derived system, that ensures the required. Pv, a supplemental textbook for training courses, and a general reference book for. Both ends of the raceway must be bonded to the contained conductor or to the same terminal or electrode to which the bonding conductor grounding electrode conductor is connected. The rule would not replace ul 588 or ossify the standard. Product certified to the first issuance of ul subject 2703 october 10, 2010 will most likely require full reexamination and test.
Solar power world january 2015 by wtwh media llc issuu. I feel this bond, or insinuation, imposes a great threat to us as individuals, as taxpayers, and most of all, our christian fellowship as one nation under god. See tile hook universal mount installation manual for additional information. Please click the following link to download and install. See especially bonding conductor test in table below. Ul 2703 covers rack mounting systems and clamping devices. We provide sustainable solutions that help our customers effectively manage electrical, hydraulic and mechanical power. This installation manual explains how to build a pv array. Longer entries conclude with a resources section, which points readers to other helpful materials includ ing books, periodicals, and web sites. When fire tested in accordance with ul 2703 and installed in accordance with. Intelligent computing, communication and devices by lakhmi c. Indianapolis, indiana city directory pdf free download. The tmgb shall be located to minimize the length of the bonding conductor for telecommunications from the tmgb to the electric service ground. Special thanks to sarah ballard of murrah high school and alix davis williams of clinton high school.
The fermi energy ef, which is the energy of the highest occupied state, lies exactly in between the bonding and. Please add this email address to your address book or email whitelist to. The presence of a pv module does not affect the bonding ability of the clawfr system. In bcc tungsten, all the bonding states are filled with electrons and all the antibonding states are empty. Electrical grounding and bonding based on 2014 nec.
Dont let misunderstandings of article 800 hang you up. Bacterial cellulose bc, produced by a class of acetic acid bacteria, is a unique biological material appearing as a netlike pellicle woven from ultrafine nanofibers with a diameter of approximately 100 nm. Annealing test for wires and conductors electrical4u. Underwriters laboratories of canada 7 crouse road scarborough, ontario, canada mir 3a9. Ul 467 grounding and bonding equipment standards catalog. November 2011 the world leader in sign information since 1906. The grounding and bonding conductor pathway through a plenum shall be in emt. Systems, components andor devices evaluated under this standard may be used to ground andor mount a pv module complying with ul 1703 when the specific module or frame has been evaluated for bondinggrounding or the module has been evaluated for mounting with the evaluated system, component or device. Full text of catalog of copyright entries 1976 books and. The grounding of electrical circuits and systems and the bonding of. Local electricity distributors network conditions may require a larger conductor. Sb125al al or cu conductor 561161 95% fill ratio icw ka rms.
The supplementary bonding connections should be accessible for inspection and test same as any other connection, but they may be outside the bathroom so, lights to shower to pipes sbc may be in the loft or airing cupboard. The test plug shall be so placed that both upper and under sides of the subpan shall be subjected to the test at the point where it is clamped to the drain. All conductors including the bonding conductor are included in the conduit fill calculation. The snapnrack installation system is a set of engineered components that can be assembled into a wide variety of solar mounting structures. A collection of pv modules is called a pv panel, and a system of panels is an array. Ul 2703 ul 1703 ul 467 sect resistance tested at 30 amps. Ideas ibm 09 january 2007 pdf 344 national academy of engineering national research council frontiers of engineering reports on leadingedge engineering from the 2000 nae symposium on frontiers of engine pdf 2 229 1848. Rated dc withstand voltage rated lightning impulse withstand voltage rated shorttime withstand current rated duration of shortcircuit permissible values for internal arcing symmetrical shortcircuit current duration of shortcircuit ip code 25 40 40 1 40 0. A ring final circuit continuity test revealed incorrect polarity on three socket outlets. A worn path by eudora welty there are many authors in this. Type test of 3 phase earthing bonding link box, type. The specimen should be of at least specified gauge length that is the sampled length of that conductor on which test result is. Ads obviously doesnt come into main bonding even though im sure it would be easy enough to produce a protective device which disconnected the supply if current in the mpb conductor rose above some threshold but i am a little surprised that the regs dont seem to impose any requirementtest in relation to the effectiveness of mpb in the way they do for supplementary bonding. Alternatively, the combination of tracker and solar device can be evaluated in accordance with this standard and relevant solar device standards, such as, but not limited to, the standard for flatplate photovoltaic modules and panels, ul 1703, for flat plate pv modules, and the outline for concentrator photovoltaic modules and assemblies, ul 8703, for cpv modules.
July 28, 2016 title 46 shipping parts 90 to 9 revised as of october 1, 2017 containing a codification of documents of general applicability and future effect as of october 1, 2017. This provides a return path for any stray voltage that the case may be exposed to via component failure e. The authors name appears at the end of longer entries. We report variation of the work function for single and bilayer graphene devices measured by scanning kelvin probe microscopy skpm. Jun 28, 2010 if you have continuity bonding, if not you havent. Module grounding studyreport free download as pdf file. Publication list for members of e164 institute of chemical technologies and analytics as authors or essentially involved persons. At the time of installation a resistance test is needed to confirm electrical continuity to ground.
Guide information is available in the ul white book and online at. For bonding circuits over 250 volts, nec section 250. Eatons mission is to improve the quality of life and the environment through the use of power management technologies and services. Findchips pro offers complete visibility on the sourcing ecosystem and delivers actionable insights to supply chain, engineering and business teams. Grounding photovoltaic modules solar america board for. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Process of annealing test for wires and conductors. The proper installation of bonding and grounding devices is important in the protection of personnel and equipment. Muhammad abubaker saeed management sciences hec 19012015 approved 37. Submit shop drawings showing locations of ground rods, grounding connections, and embedded and buried grounding conductors. I am submitting herewith a thesis written by matthew benjamin sooter entitled a dynamic ampacity model for the testing of advanced conductors. Photovoltaic cells use sunlight as a source of energy and generate direct current electricity. Abstracthighvoltage underground ac cables have significantly different electrical characteristics than overhead transmission lines.
By use of the electric field effect, the work function of graphene can be adjusted as the gate voltage tunes the fermi level across the charge neutrality point. It ensures these devices will maintain strong electrical and mechanical. Communication system bonding conductors and grounding electrode conductor s shall be protected where exposed to physical damage and we are installed in a metal raceway. Committees in creating test questions for the nabcep pv installation professional. Upon biasing the device, the surface potential map obtained by skpm provides a reliable way to. Tutorial on chemical bonding, part 10 of 10 metals and semiconductors the most useful treatment of metallic solids is based on the molecular orbital approach it is best understood by considering first a succession of molecules based on lithium or any other alkali metal having a single s electron in its valence shell. Wholesale electrical, industrial, lighting, tools, control and automation products. If the 10% test for any maturity of the 2019 bonds has not been satisfied by the date of delivery of the 2019 bonds, the successful bidder shall provide a date down certificate as to the issue price after the date of delivery of the 2019 bonds when the 10% test has been satisfied with respect to. The reason why proper electrical bonding techniques are so important is that it protects. Systems, components andor devices evaluated under this standard may be used to ground andor mount a pv module complying with ul 1703 when the specific module or frame has been evaluated for bonding grounding or the module has been evaluated for mounting with the evaluated system, component or device. He currently holds the position of xjtu distinguished professor of power electronics, sponsored by chang jiang. Pv module frame grounding florida solar energy center.
Refer to section 16000, basic electrical requirements, for additional submittals and submittal requirements. Nitrogendoped graphene quantum dots with oxygenrich. Connected to establish electrical continuity and conductivity. Featured software all software latest this just in old school emulation msdos games historical software classic pc games software library. The panel shows the foam before the test, after 11 s of application of a methane flame, and the foam after the test, showing high fire retardancy. Ul 2703 standard that includes bonding and grounding testing of module. Recent field testing performed on a ul 2703 array showed that the ul 2703 method had. When you are finished installing, please return to this window and press f5 to view this edition. Pv systems are electrical power generation systems that produce energy. Product certified to the second issuance of ul subject 2703 november, 2012 will most likely only require a few retests. The minimum copper equivalent csa is given by a copper bonding conductor of the tabulated csa or a bonding conductor of another metal affording equivalent. The qrail system is etl listed to ul 2703, edition 1.
Mike holts illustrated guide to understanding nec requirements for bonding and grounding based on the 2017 nec mike holt on. Cpss transactions on power electronics and applications. Ul 1703 and ul 2703 are still undergoing significant change, so this report. Astm e84 standard method of test for surface burning characteristics of building materials 1987 4188 bcr reference standard rs 31. Doping gqds with heteroatoms provides an attractive means of effectively tuning their intrinsic properties and exploiting new phenomena for advanced device applications.